I-benchmark ang QFT+M process fidelity gamit ang Orbit, isang Qiskit Function ng Quantum Elements

Tantya ng paggamit: 2 minuto sa isang Heron r3 processor. (TANDAAN: Ito ay tantya lamang. Maaaring mag-iba ang iyong runtime.) Bilang default, ang tutorial na ito ay nagsusumite ng tatlong Orbit function job papunta sa isang IBM Quantum Compute Service batch mode workload, na may 300 PUB bawat job, para sa kabuuang 900 PUB at 921,600 shot.

Babala: Ang mga dynamic circuit sa kasalukuyan ay isang eksperimental na feature, at napapailalim ang mga ito sa mga limitasyon sa Quantum Compute [3] na maaaring magdulot ng pagkabigo ng job. Halimbawa, ang error 6073 ay nagpapahiwatig na lumampas ang isang job sa memory limit ng classical-control hardware [4]. Binabawasan ng notebook na ito ang panganib na iyon sa pamamagitan ng pagpartisyon ng mga circuit size sa tatlong Quantum Compute job sa isang batch [5]. Ang bawat fixed-size comparison ay nananatili sa isang job, habang ang malalaking at maliliit na size ay ipinapares upang balansehin ang classical-control workload ng mga job.

Mga learning outcome

• Ihanda ang mga product state $\mathrm{QFT}^\dagger|x\rangle$ na ginagamit ng sampled process-fidelity estimator sa Figure 2a ng Ref. [1].

• Bumuo ng katumbas na unitary at dynamic implementations ng quantum Fourier transform followed by measurement (QFT+M).

• Pumili ng physical qubit para sa mga dynamic circuit gamit ang kasalukuyang calibration at connectivity data.

• Ihambing ang raw unitary, raw dynamic, at Orbit-enhanced dynamic QFT+M process-fidelity estimate habang lumalaki ang circuit size.

• Gamitin ang streamlined transpilation API ng Orbit gamit ang mode="raw" at transpilation_mode="validate".

• Magsumite ng maraming Orbit workload sa pamamagitan ng batch mode API habang pinapanatili ang bawat fixed-size three-strategy comparison sa isang job.

• Suriin ang Orbit metadata upang kumpirmahin kung inilapat ang dynamical decoupling (DD) at measurement-error mitigation (MEM).

Background

Ang Figure 2a ng Ref. [1] ay nagbe-benchmark ng process fidelity ng ideal na QFT+M channel laban sa noisy unitary at dynamic implementations. Para sa isang sampled computational-basis label $x$, inihahanda ng benchmark ang $\mathrm{QFT}^\dagger|x\rangle$, inilalapat ang noisy QFT+M implementation, at tinatantya ang probability $p_x$ ng pagkuha ng katumbas na ideal na output. Ang mga inverse-QFT state na ito ay separable at maaaring ihanda nang episyente gamit ang mga Hadamard gate at virtual phase rotation.

Para sa $m$ na mga independiyenteng sampled label, ginagamit ng notebook ang unbiased estimator na hinango sa Ref. [1]:

$$\widehat{\mathcal{F}}_{\mathrm{proc}} = \frac{m}{m-1}\left(\frac{1}{m}\sum_{\ell=1}^{m}\sqrt{p_{x_\ell}}\right)^2 - \frac{1}{m(m-1)}\sum_{\ell=1}^{m}p_{x_\ell}.$$

Pinapalitan ng dynamic construction ang mga controlled-phase gate ng unitary QFT+M ng mid-circuit measurement at classically conditioned phase rotation [1]. Sa pamamagitan ng deferred measurement, ang parehong circuit ay may parehong ideal na output distribution. Inaalis ng dynamic form ang all-to-all two-qubit-gate requirement at sa halip ay gumagamit ng $O(n)$ mid-circuit measurement na may feedforward at walang connectivity constraint. Ang measurement at feedforward ay nag-iiwan din ng mahahabang idle period sa mga qubit na hindi pa nasusukat, kaya lalo pang mahalaga ang DD.

Relasyon sa Figure 2a. Sinusundan ng notebook na ito ang sampled process-fidelity protocol ng papel, ngunit ito ay isang Orbit-focused na adaptasyon ng tutorial sa halip na isang reproduction. Halimbawa, kung saan ginamit ng Figure 2a ang ibm_kyiv na may 2000 shot, gumagamit tayo ng modernong device na ibm_aachen na may mas maliit na 1024-shot count upang matipid ang oras ng QPU.

Mga halimbawang resulta

Ipinapakita ng static plot sa ibaba ang mean process-fidelity curve mula sa tatlong magkakasunod na development job na pinatakbo sa ibm_aachen gamit ang prosesong inilarawan sa ibaba. Gaya ng ipinapakita rito, makabuluhang mapapataas ng Orbit ang kalidad ng mga dynamic circuit; ang dynamic QFT ay tumutugma sa published benchmark quality at nagpapakita ng pagpapabuti kumpara sa standard unitary QFT. Gaya ng makikita natin, ang mga resultang ito ay nagmumula sa isang automated na mahusay na pagpili ng mga qubit, automatic na pagpasok ng dynamic decoupling (hindi hand-optimized para sa problemang ito), at measurement error mitigation. Para sa kasiyahan, siguraduhing ihambing ang mga resultang ito sa iyong mga resulta sa dulo, lalo na kung pumili ka ng ibang backend.

Tandaan: Ang mga resultang ito ay isang illustrative snapshot ng isang matagumpay na naunang run gamit ang Orbit, hindi isang garantiya ng performance. Ang mga resulta sa ibaba ay dapat magmukhang qualitatively kahalintulad, ngunit ang mga detalye ay nakadepende sa napiling device at sa mga katangian nito, lalo na ang mga error sa measurement at idling, sa oras ng pagpapatakbo.

# Added by doQumentation — required packages for this notebook
!pip install -q matplotlib numpy qiskit qiskit-ibm-catalog qiskit-ibm-runtime

Requirements

I-install ang pinakabagong bersyon ng mga sumusunod na package bago patakbuhin ang tutorial na ito:

• numpy

• matplotlib

• qiskit

• qiskit-ibm-runtime

• qiskit-ibm-catalog

pip install qiskit qiskit-ibm-runtime qiskit-ibm-catalog numpy matplotlib

Setup

Mag-authenticate gamit ang IBM Quantum® Platform, i-load ang ibm_aachen, at i-load ang Quantum Elements Orbit mula sa Qiskit Functions Catalog. Sinusuri ng default na sweep ang 15 circuit size, 20 sampled bitstring bawat size, at tatlong estratehiya. Pinapartisyon ng NUM_BATCH_JOBS=3 ang mga size sa tatlong job sa isang batch. Bawasan ang N_VALUES o M, o dagdagan ang NUM_BATCH_JOBS, kung ang isang indibidwal na dynamic-circuit job ay umaabot pa rin sa classical-control memory limit ng backend. Bawasan ang SHOTS kapag ang layunin ay bawasan ang execution usage sa halip na ang bilang o kumplikado ng mga circuit.

import warnings
from collections import Counter, defaultdict

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from qiskit import (
    ClassicalRegister,
    QuantumCircuit,
    QuantumRegister,
    transpile,
)
from qiskit.circuit import IfElseOp
from qiskit.synthesis.qft import synth_qft_full
from qiskit_ibm_catalog import QiskitFunctionsCatalog
from qiskit_ibm_runtime import Batch, QiskitRuntimeService

IBM_BACKEND_NAME = "ibm_aachen"

N_VALUES = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40]
M = 20
SHOTS = 1024
RNG_SEED = 12345
OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = 0
NUM_BATCH_JOBS = 3
STRATEGY_LABELS = ("unitary/raw", "dynamic/raw", "dynamic/orbit")

def balanced_n_groups(
    n_values: list[int], num_jobs: int = 3
) -> list[list[int]]:
    values = sorted(n_values)
    if len(set(values)) != len(values):
        raise ValueError("N_VALUES must not contain duplicates")
    if not 1 <= num_jobs <= len(values):
        raise ValueError("NUM_BATCH_JOBS must be between 1 and len(N_VALUES)")

    max_group_size = (len(values) + num_jobs - 1) // num_jobs
    groups = [[] for _ in range(num_jobs)]
    loads = [0] * num_jobs
    pair_counts = [0] * num_jobs
    remaining = values.copy()

    while len(remaining) >= 2:
        candidates = [
            i
            for i, group in enumerate(groups)
            if len(group) + 2 <= max_group_size
        ]
        if not candidates:
            break
        smallest = remaining.pop(0)
        largest = remaining.pop()
        job_index = min(
            candidates, key=lambda i: (loads[i], len(groups[i]), i)
        )
        pair = (
            [largest, smallest]
            if pair_counts[job_index] % 2 == 0
            else [smallest, largest]
        )
        groups[job_index].extend(pair)
        loads[job_index] += smallest + largest
        pair_counts[job_index] += 1

    while remaining:
        value = remaining.pop()
        candidates = [
            i for i, group in enumerate(groups) if len(group) < max_group_size
        ]
        job_index = min(
            candidates, key=lambda i: (loads[i], len(groups[i]), i)
        )
        groups[job_index].append(value)
        loads[job_index] += value

    return groups

N_GROUPS = balanced_n_groups(N_VALUES, NUM_BATCH_JOBS)

service = QiskitRuntimeService(channel="ibm_quantum_platform")
backend = service.backend(IBM_BACKEND_NAME)
if "if_else" not in backend.target.operation_names:
    backend.target.add_instruction(IfElseOp, name="if_else")

catalog = QiskitFunctionsCatalog(channel="ibm_quantum_platform")
quantum_elements_orbit = catalog.load("quantum-elements/orbit")
if quantum_elements_orbit is None:
    raise RuntimeError(
        "Quantum Elements Orbit is not enabled for this IBM Quantum instance."
    )

required_qubits = max(N_VALUES)
if backend.num_qubits < required_qubits:
    raise ValueError(
        f"Backend {backend.name} has {backend.num_qubits} qubits, "
        f"but this benchmark needs at least {required_qubits}."
    )

{
    "backend": backend.name,
    "num_qubits": backend.num_qubits,
    "n_values": N_VALUES,
    "m": M,
    "shots": SHOTS,
    "num_function_jobs": NUM_BATCH_JOBS,
    "n_groups": N_GROUPS,
    "pubs_per_job": [
        len(group) * M * len(STRATEGY_LABELS) for group in N_GROUPS
    ],
    "total_pubs": len(N_VALUES) * M * len(STRATEGY_LABELS),
    "total_shots": len(N_VALUES) * M * len(STRATEGY_LABELS) * SHOTS,
}

qiskit_runtime_service._discover_account:WARNING:2026-07-21 15:57:39,310: Loading account with the given token. A saved account will not be used.

{'backend': 'ibm_aachen',
 'num_qubits': 156,
 'n_values': [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40],
 'm': 20,
 'shots': 1024,
 'num_function_jobs': 3,
 'n_groups': [[40, 2, 7, 15, 10], [35, 3, 6, 20, 9], [30, 4, 5, 25, 8]],
 'pubs_per_job': [300, 300, 300],
 'total_pubs': 900,
 'total_shots': 921600}

Bumuo ng mga QFT+M circuit

Para sa bawat sampled integer na $x$, inihahanda ng bit_inv_qft ang product state $\mathrm{QFT}^\dagger|x\rangle$ gamit ang mga Hadamard na sinusundan ng phase rotation. Idinaragdag pagkatapos ng notebook ang alinman sa standard unitary QFT o ang semiclassical dynamic QFT+M na katumbas nito.

Parehong hindi kasama ng mga implementation ang huling swap network. Kaya naman, ang classical-bit display order sa Qiskit ay gumagawa sa inaasahang measured string na maging baligtad ng zero-padded binary representation ng $x$, na naka-encode ng format(x, f"0{n}b")[::-1].

def bit_inv_qft(circuit: QuantumCircuit, x: int, conv: str = "LSB") -> None:
    num_qubits = circuit.num_qubits
    circuit.h(range(num_qubits))
    for j in range(num_qubits):
        phase = (
            2 * np.pi * x / 2 ** (num_qubits - j)
            if conv == "LSB"
            else 2 * np.pi * x / 2 ** (j + 1)
        )
        circuit.p(-phase, j)

def build_unitary_qft_circuit(num_qubits: int, x: int) -> QuantumCircuit:
    if not 0 <= x < 2**num_qubits:
        raise ValueError(
            f"x={x} is outside the {num_qubits}-qubit basis range"
        )
    qreg = QuantumRegister(num_qubits, "q")
    creg = ClassicalRegister(num_qubits, "c")
    circuit = QuantumCircuit(qreg, creg, name=f"unitary_qft_{num_qubits}q")
    bit_inv_qft(circuit, x)
    circuit.append(
        synth_qft_full(num_qubits, do_swaps=False), range(num_qubits)
    )
    circuit.measure(range(num_qubits), range(num_qubits))
    return circuit

def _warn_if_precision_loss(max_num_entanglements: int) -> None:
    if max_num_entanglements > -np.finfo(float).minexp:
        warnings.warn(
            "precision loss in QFT."
            f" The rotation needed to represent {max_num_entanglements} entanglements"
            " is smaller than the smallest normal floating-point number.",
            category=RuntimeWarning,
            stacklevel=4,
        )

def synth_dynamic_qft(
    circuit: QuantumCircuit, *, do_swaps: bool = False
) -> QuantumCircuit:
    num_qubits = circuit.num_qubits
    creg = circuit.cregs[0]
    _warn_if_precision_loss(num_qubits - 1)

    for j in reversed(range(num_qubits)):
        circuit.h(j)
        circuit.measure([j], [j])

        if j > 0:
            with circuit.if_test((creg[j], 1)):
                for k in reversed(range(j)):
                    circuit.p(np.pi * (2.0 ** (k - j)), k)

    if do_swaps:
        for i in range(num_qubits // 2):
            circuit.swap(i, num_qubits - i - 1)
    return circuit

def build_dynamic_qft_circuit(num_qubits: int, x: int) -> QuantumCircuit:
    if not 0 <= x < 2**num_qubits:
        raise ValueError(
            f"x={x} is outside the {num_qubits}-qubit basis range"
        )
    qreg = QuantumRegister(num_qubits, "q")
    creg = ClassicalRegister(num_qubits, "c")
    circuit = QuantumCircuit(qreg, creg, name=f"dynamic_qft_{num_qubits}q")
    bit_inv_qft(circuit, x)
    synth_dynamic_qft(circuit, do_swaps=False)
    return circuit

def target_output_bitstring(x: int, n_qubits: int) -> str:
    return format(int(x), f"0{n_qubits}b")[::-1]

def process_fidelity_from_success_probabilities(
    success_probabilities: list[float],
) -> float:
    m = len(success_probabilities)
    if m <= 1:
        raise ValueError(
            "m must be larger than 1 for the process-fidelity estimator"
        )
    succ = np.asarray(success_probabilities, dtype=float)
    return float(
        (m / (m - 1)) * (np.mean(np.sqrt(succ)) ** 2)
        - np.sum(succ) / (m * (m - 1))
    )

Pumili ng dynamic-circuit physical qubits

Hindi kinakailangan ng dynamic implementation ang mga two-qubit gate, kaya hindi kailangang bumuo ng connected subgraph ang mga physical qubit nito. Para sa bawat circuit size, iniraranggo ng selector ang kasalukuyang mga backend qubit gamit ang isang score na 80% nakatuon sa mas mababang readout error at 10% bawat isa sa mas mataas na $T_1$ at $T_2$. Una itong pumipili ng mga high-scoring qubit na walang direktang coupling sa isa't isa kung maaari, na maaaring magbawas ng exposure sa nearest-neighbor crosstalk, at pagkatapos ay pinupunan ang anumang natitirang posisyon ayon sa score.

Ginagamit ng mga variant na dynamic/raw at dynamic/orbit ang eksaktong parehong napiling layout para sa isang partikular na size, kaya layout-controlled ang paghahambing sa kanila. Ang unitary/raw circuit ay sa halip ay ini-map at rina-route ng transpiler dahil kailangan nito ng two-qubit connectivity. Ang runtime calibration-based na pagpiling ito ay tiyak sa tutorial na ito; hindi ito ang fixed 40-qubit na ibm_kyiv layout na ginamit para sa mga eksperimento sa Figure 2a ng papel.

def value_from_property(raw):
    if raw is None:
        return None
    if isinstance(raw, tuple):
        return raw[0]
    return getattr(raw, "value", raw)

def qubit_property_value(properties, qubit: int, *names: str) -> float | None:
    for name in names:
        try:
            value = value_from_property(
                properties.qubit_property(qubit, name)
            )
        except Exception:
            value = None
        if value is not None:
            return float(value)
    return None

def measurement_error(properties, qubit: int) -> float | None:
    readout = qubit_property_value(properties, qubit, "readout_error")
    if readout is not None:
        return readout
    p01 = qubit_property_value(properties, qubit, "prob_meas0_prep1")
    p10 = qubit_property_value(properties, qubit, "prob_meas1_prep0")
    if p01 is not None and p10 is not None:
        return 0.5 * (p01 + p10)
    return None

def coupling_edges(backend) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
    coupling_map = getattr(backend, "coupling_map", None)
    if coupling_map is not None:
        try:
            return [(int(a), int(b)) for a, b in coupling_map.get_edges()]
        except Exception:
            pass
    built = backend.target.build_coupling_map()
    return [(int(a), int(b)) for a, b in built.get_edges()]

def neighbor_map(backend) -> dict[int, set[int]]:
    neighbors = {qubit: set() for qubit in range(backend.num_qubits)}
    for a, b in coupling_edges(backend):
        neighbors[a].add(b)
        neighbors[b].add(a)
    return neighbors

def anchored_score(
    value: float | None, *, good: float, bad: float, higher_is_better: bool
) -> float:
    if value is None:
        return 0.0
    if higher_is_better:
        low, high = sorted((bad, good))
        score = (value - low) / (high - low)
    else:
        low, high = sorted((good, bad))
        score = (high - value) / (high - low)
    return float(min(1.0, max(0.0, score)))

def qubit_metrics(backend) -> list[dict]:
    properties = backend.properties()
    rows = []
    for qubit in range(backend.num_qubits):
        t1 = qubit_property_value(properties, qubit, "T1", "t1")
        t2 = qubit_property_value(properties, qubit, "T2", "t2")
        meas_error = measurement_error(properties, qubit)
        measurement_score = anchored_score(
            meas_error, good=0.005, bad=0.05, higher_is_better=False
        )
        t1_score = anchored_score(
            t1, good=0.00025, bad=0.00005, higher_is_better=True
        )
        t2_score = anchored_score(
            t2, good=0.00025, bad=0.00005, higher_is_better=True
        )
        rows.append(
            {
                "qubit": qubit,
                "t1": t1,
                "t2": t2,
                "measurement_error": meas_error,
                "score": 0.8 * measurement_score
                + 0.1 * t1_score
                + 0.1 * t2_score,
            }
        )
    return sorted(rows, key=lambda row: row["score"], reverse=True)

def select_dynamic_qubits(backend, n_qubits: int) -> list[int]:
    ranked = qubit_metrics(backend)
    neighbors = neighbor_map(backend)
    selected = []
    blocked = set()
    for row in ranked:
        qubit = row["qubit"]
        if qubit in blocked:
            continue
        selected.append(qubit)
        blocked.add(qubit)
        blocked.update(neighbors.get(qubit, set()))
        if len(selected) == n_qubits:
            return selected

    for row in ranked:
        qubit = row["qubit"]
        if qubit not in selected:
            selected.append(qubit)
        if len(selected) == n_qubits:
            return selected
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not select {n_qubits} physical qubits")

print("The top 3 qubits (according to our scoring): ")
print(qubit_metrics(backend)[0:3])
print("Worst  3 qubits (according to our scoring): ")
print(qubit_metrics(backend)[-3:])

The top 3 qubits (according to our scoring): 
[{'qubit': 0, 't1': 0.0002514242577986401, 't2': 0.00037559012475638467, 'measurement_error': 0.0028076171875, 'score': 1.0}, {'qubit': 20, 't1': 0.0002526252407383437, 't2': 0.00038493543771861573, 'measurement_error': 0.00390625, 'score': 1.0}, {'qubit': 25, 't1': 0.0002712841332005567, 't2': 0.00025793268824583597, 'measurement_error': 0.0040283203125, 'score': 1.0}]
Worst  3 qubits (according to our scoring): 
[{'qubit': 146, 't1': 7.619772882181663e-05, 't2': 0.00014166983578724752, 'measurement_error': 0.0802001953125, 'score': 0.05893378230453208}, {'qubit': 51, 't1': 0.00014200221819602618, 't2': 1.930870507157441e-06, 'measurement_error': 0.054443359375, 'score': 0.04600110909801309}, {'qubit': 35, 't1': 7.116087485472031e-05, 't2': 9.463696242928626e-05, 'measurement_error': 0.14501953125, 'score': 0.03289891864200328}]

Ihanda ang mga benchmark PUB

Para sa bawat pares na (N, x), tinatranspile muna ng notebook ang mga logical circuit at gumagawa ng isang Sampler PUB para sa bawat estratehiya:

• unitary/raw: unitary QFT+M sa napiling layout ng transpiler, na may routing kung kinakailangan at walang Orbit DD o MEM.

• dynamic/raw: dynamic QFT+M sa mga physical qubit na napili ayon sa calibration, walang Orbit DD o MEM.

• dynamic/orbit: ang parehong transpiled dynamic circuit sa parehong physical qubit, na may Orbit DD at MEM na naka-enable.

Ginagamit ng Orbit-enhanced na PUB ang transpilation_mode="validate" dahil napili na ang mapping nito. Ini-validate ng Orbit ang ibinigay na physical circuit sa halip na i-remap ito, pagkatapos ay inilalapat ang DD at MEM pipeline nito. Dahil ang enhanced dynamic curve lamang ang humihiling ng MEM, hindi ito dapat ituring bilang isang isolated na paghahambing ng DD kumpara sa walang-DD.

Naka-imbak ang mga PUB, per-PUB na opsyon, at mga record ng resulta ayon sa batch-job index. Para sa bawat fixed na $N$, ang mga PUB na unitary/raw, dynamic/raw, at dynamic/orbit ay pinapanatili sa iisang job. Ipinapares ng grouping helper ang malalaki at maliliit na circuit size, inaalternate ang kanilang order, at binabalanse ang kabuuan ng $N$ sa tatlong job bilang isang simpleng proxy para sa classical-control workload.

strategy_options = {
    "unitary/raw": {"mode": "raw"},
    "dynamic/raw": {"mode": "raw"},
    "dynamic/orbit": {"mode": "orbit", "transpilation_mode": "validate"},
}
rng = np.random.default_rng(RNG_SEED)
pubs_by_job = [[] for _ in N_GROUPS]
pub_options_by_job = [[] for _ in N_GROUPS]
pub_records_by_job = [[] for _ in N_GROUPS]
layout_summary = {}

target_decimals_by_n = {
    n_qubits: [int(x) for x in rng.integers(0, 2**n_qubits, size=M)]
    for n_qubits in N_VALUES
}

for job_index, n_group in enumerate(N_GROUPS):
    for n_qubits in n_group:
        dynamic_qubits = select_dynamic_qubits(backend, n_qubits)
        layout_summary[str(n_qubits)] = {"dynamic_qubits": dynamic_qubits}

        for x in target_decimals_by_n[n_qubits]:
            target_bitstring = target_output_bitstring(x, n_qubits)
            unitary_logical = build_unitary_qft_circuit(n_qubits, x)
            dynamic_logical = build_dynamic_qft_circuit(n_qubits, x)

            unitary_transpiled = transpile(
                unitary_logical,
                backend=backend,
                optimization_level=OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL,
                seed_transpiler=RNG_SEED,
            )
            dynamic_transpiled = transpile(
                dynamic_logical,
                backend=backend,
                optimization_level=OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL,
                seed_transpiler=RNG_SEED,
                initial_layout=dynamic_qubits,
            )

            circuits_by_label = {
                "unitary/raw": unitary_transpiled,
                "dynamic/raw": dynamic_transpiled,
                "dynamic/orbit": dynamic_transpiled,
            }
            for label in STRATEGY_LABELS:
                circuit = circuits_by_label[label]
                options = dict(strategy_options[label])
                pubs_by_job[job_index].append((circuit, None, SHOTS))
                pub_options_by_job[job_index].append(options)
                pub_records_by_job[job_index].append(
                    {
                        "job_index": job_index,
                        "n_qubits": n_qubits,
                        "target_decimal": x,
                        "target_bitstring": target_bitstring,
                        "label": label,
                        "pub_options": options,
                        "dynamic_qubits": (
                            dynamic_qubits
                            if label.startswith("dynamic/")
                            else None
                        ),
                        "transpiled_depth": circuit.depth(),
                        "transpiled_size": circuit.size(),
                    }
                )

{
    "num_function_jobs": len(N_GROUPS),
    "n_groups": {
        job_index: group for job_index, group in enumerate(N_GROUPS)
    },
    "n_load_per_job": {
        job_index: sum(group) for job_index, group in enumerate(N_GROUPS)
    },
    "pubs_per_job": {
        job_index: len(pubs) for job_index, pubs in enumerate(pubs_by_job)
    },
    "expected_executions_per_job": {
        job_index: len(pubs) * SHOTS
        for job_index, pubs in enumerate(pubs_by_job)
    },
    "first_pub_record_by_job": {
        job_index: records[0]
        for job_index, records in enumerate(pub_records_by_job)
    },
    "largest_dynamic_qubit_set": layout_summary[str(max(N_VALUES))][
        "dynamic_qubits"
    ],
}

{'num_function_jobs': 3,
 'n_groups': {0: [40, 2, 7, 15, 10],
  1: [35, 3, 6, 20, 9],
  2: [30, 4, 5, 25, 8]},
 'n_load_per_job': {0: 74, 1: 73, 2: 72},
 'pubs_per_job': {0: 300, 1: 300, 2: 300},
 'expected_executions_per_job': {0: 307200, 1: 307200, 2: 307200},
 'first_pub_record_by_job': {0: {'job_index': 0,
   'n_qubits': 40,
   'target_decimal': 853235401719,
   'target_bitstring': '1110111111000000110100110001010101100011',
   'label': 'unitary/raw',
   'pub_options': {'mode': 'raw'},
   'dynamic_qubits': None,
   'transpiled_depth': 4778,
   'transpiled_size': 28259},
  1: {'job_index': 1,
   'n_qubits': 35,
   'target_decimal': 26888951661,
   'target_bitstring': '10110110111010110010110101000010011',
   'label': 'unitary/raw',
   'pub_options': {'mode': 'raw'},
   'dynamic_qubits': None,
   'transpiled_depth': 3614,
   'transpiled_size': 21204},
  2: {'job_index': 2,
   'n_qubits': 30,
   'target_decimal': 620442965,
   'target_bitstring': '101010101010110011011111001001',
   'label': 'unitary/raw',
   'pub_options': {'mode': 'raw'},
   'dynamic_qubits': None,
   'transpiled_depth': 2835,
   'transpiled_size': 15078}},
 'largest_dynamic_qubit_set': [0,
  20,
  25,
  27,
  33,
  59,
  74,
  80,
  95,
  144,
  151,
  155,
  79,
  90,
  60,
  68,
  114,
  107,
  13,
  126,
  133,
  103,
  3,
  87,
  53,
  41,
  130,
  5,
  98,
  135,
  153,
  15,
  116,
  45,
  7,
  48,
  136,
  11,
  147,
  77]}

Patakbuhin ang benchmark

Gumawa ng isang batch, pagkatapos ay magsumite ng tatlong Orbit function job papasok dito.

Pinapartisyon ang mga job ayon sa mga grupo ng bilang ng qubit upang mailagay sa paghahambing ang lahat ng tatlong estratehiya para sa isang fixed na $N$. Ibig sabihin, ang lahat ng 60 PUB para sa isang fixed na $N$ — 20 sampled input na pinarami sa tatlong estratehiya — ay nag-eexecute sa parehong job at maihahambing bilang pantay hangga't maaari (kung hindi, kapag pinatakbo sa magkaibang job, maaaring mag-drift ang device habang nasa queue). Pinagsasama ng default na mga grupo ang malaki at maliit na circuit at naglalaman ng 300 PUB bawat isa, na binabawasan ang tsansang maipon sa isang job ang lahat ng pinakamalalaking dynamic program habang pinapanatili ang mga within-job na paghahambing.

runtime_batch = Batch(backend=backend)
jobs = []
try:
    for job_index, pubs in enumerate(pubs_by_job):
        jobs.append(
            quantum_elements_orbit.run(
                primitive="sampler",
                pubs=pubs,
                backend_name=backend.name,
                options={
                    "pub_options": pub_options_by_job[job_index],
                    "save_backend_info": True,
                },
            )
        )
except Exception:
    runtime_batch.close()
    raise

{
    "runtime_batch_id": runtime_batch.session_id,
    "jobs": {
        job_index: {
            "backend": backend.name,
            "function_job_id": job.job_id,
            "status": job.status(),
            "n_values": N_GROUPS[job_index],
            "num_pubs": len(pubs_by_job[job_index]),
        }
        for job_index, job in enumerate(jobs)
    },
}

{'runtime_batch_id': '80120e36-436d-46c7-96c9-597ec86060c1',
 'jobs': {0: {'backend': 'ibm_aachen',
   'function_job_id': '2b6b05ac-0136-40f0-94bf-ade5658f5f4f',
   'status': 'QUEUED',
   'n_values': [40, 2, 7, 15, 10],
   'num_pubs': 300},
  1: {'backend': 'ibm_aachen',
   'function_job_id': '4f046fd4-80e4-460b-87c7-e7252691f764',
   'status': 'QUEUED',
   'n_values': [35, 3, 6, 20, 9],
   'num_pubs': 300},
  2: {'backend': 'ibm_aachen',
   'function_job_id': '6d70d64d-fa38-4ca2-9cbd-ffda5d8c99be',
   'status': 'QUEUED',
   'n_values': [30, 4, 5, 25, 8],
   'num_pubs': 300}}}

Kunin ang mga resulta at kalkulahin ang process fidelity

Kunin at i-validate ang resulta ng bawat qubit-group nang hiwalay, pagkatapos ay pagsamahin ang tatlong job stream sa pamamagitan ng kanilang job-indexed na mga record. Pinananatiling bukas ang batch habang hinihiling ang lahat ng function result at isinasara ito sa isang finally block matapos subukan ang bawat job. Para sa bawat PUB, ang $p_x$ ay ang probability na naka-assign sa inaasahang bitstring. Binabasa ng extract_counts ang mga count na ibinalik sa caller; para sa dynamic/orbit, ito ang mga MEM-adjusted na count kapag matagumpay ang mitigation. Nabubuo rin ng extract_raw_counts ang katumbas na unmitigated na count na naitala sa Orbit metadata. Pinagsasama-sama ng code ang 20 halaga ng $p_x$ para sa bawat pares na (N, label) at inilalapat ang estimator na ipinakilala sa itaas.

Kaya naman, ang naka-plot na process_fidelity dictionary ay gumagamit ng raw count para sa unitary/raw at dynamic/raw, ngunit MEM-adjusted na count para sa dynamic/orbit. Ang katulad na raw_process_fidelity dictionary ay pinananatili ang unmitigated na kalkulasyon para sa bawat estratehiya at kapaki-pakinabang kapag pinaghihiwalay ang epekto ng MEM mula sa iba pang bahagi ng Orbit pipeline. Itinutuwid ng MEM ang naibalik na output histogram; hindi nito magagawang baguhin nang retroactive ang isang mid-circuit measurement result na nagamit na ng real-time feedforward.

def extract_counts(pub_result) -> dict[str, int]:
    data = getattr(pub_result, "data", None)
    if data is None:
        raise TypeError("pub_result.data is missing")

    for name in dir(data):
        if name.startswith("_"):
            continue
        register = getattr(data, name)
        get_counts = getattr(register, "get_counts", None)
        if callable(get_counts):
            counts = get_counts()
            if counts:
                return counts

    raise TypeError(
        "No classical register with get_counts() found in pub_result.data"
    )

def extract_raw_counts(pub_result) -> dict[str, int]:
    orbit_metadata = pub_result.metadata.get("quantum_elements_orbit", {})
    mem_report = orbit_metadata.get("measurementErrorMitigation", {})
    return mem_report.get("rawCounts") or extract_counts(pub_result)

def probability_for_bitstring(
    counts: dict[str, int], bitstring: str, n_qubits: int
) -> float:
    total = sum(counts.values())
    if total <= 0:
        return 0.0
    normalized = Counter()
    for measured, count in counts.items():
        key = measured.replace(" ", "")[-n_qubits:].zfill(n_qubits)
        normalized[key] += count
    return float(normalized.get(bitstring, 0) / total)

results_by_job = {}
job_failures = []
try:
    for job_index, job in enumerate(jobs):
        try:
            job_result = job.result()
        except Exception as exc:
            job_logs = getattr(job, "logs", lambda: "")()
            if job_logs:
                print(f"Logs for job {job_index} ({job.job_id}):\n{job_logs}")
            job_failures.append(
                f"job {job_index} ({job.job_id}) failed: {type(exc).__name__}: {exc}"
            )
            continue

        expected_results = len(pub_records_by_job[job_index])
        if len(job_result) != expected_results:
            job_failures.append(
                f"job {job_index} ({job.job_id}) returned {len(job_result)} PUB results; "
                f"expected {expected_results}"
            )
            continue
        results_by_job[job_index] = job_result
finally:
    runtime_batch.close()

if job_failures:
    raise RuntimeError(
        "One or more batched Orbit jobs failed:\n" + "\n".join(job_failures)
    )

grouped_success = defaultdict(list)
grouped_raw_success = defaultdict(list)
pub_summaries = []

for job_index, job_result in sorted(results_by_job.items()):
    records = pub_records_by_job[job_index]
    for record, pub_result in zip(records, job_result, strict=True):
        label = record["label"]
        n_qubits = record["n_qubits"]
        counts = extract_counts(pub_result)
        raw_counts = extract_raw_counts(pub_result)
        success = probability_for_bitstring(
            counts, record["target_bitstring"], n_qubits
        )
        raw_success = probability_for_bitstring(
            raw_counts, record["target_bitstring"], n_qubits
        )
        key = (n_qubits, label)
        grouped_success[key].append(success)
        grouped_raw_success[key].append(raw_success)

        orbit_report = pub_result.metadata.get("quantum_elements_orbit", {})
        mem_report = orbit_report.get("measurementErrorMitigation", {})
        pub_summaries.append(
            {
                **record,
                "function_job_id": jobs[job_index].job_id,
                "runtime_batch_id": runtime_batch.session_id,
                "success_probability": success,
                "raw_success_probability": raw_success,
                "orbit_mode": orbit_report.get("mode"),
                "transpilation_mode": orbit_report.get("transpilationMode"),
                "physical_layout": orbit_report.get("physicalLayout"),
                "dd_status": orbit_report.get("status", "not_applied"),
                "num_sequences_added": orbit_report.get(
                    "numSequencesAdded", 0
                ),
                "num_gaps_filled": orbit_report.get("numGapsFilled", 0),
                "dynamic_dd_seq": orbit_report.get("dynamicDdSeq"),
                "mem_status": mem_report.get("status", "not_requested"),
                "warnings": orbit_report.get("warnings", [])
                + mem_report.get("warnings", []),
            }
        )

process_fidelity = defaultdict(dict)
raw_process_fidelity = defaultdict(dict)
mean_success_probability = defaultdict(dict)
raw_mean_success_probability = defaultdict(dict)

for (n_qubits, label), probabilities in sorted(grouped_success.items()):
    n_key = str(n_qubits)
    process_fidelity[n_key][label] = (
        process_fidelity_from_success_probabilities(probabilities)
    )
    mean_success_probability[n_key][label] = float(np.mean(probabilities))

for (n_qubits, label), probabilities in sorted(grouped_raw_success.items()):
    n_key = str(n_qubits)
    raw_process_fidelity[n_key][label] = (
        process_fidelity_from_success_probabilities(probabilities)
    )
    raw_mean_success_probability[n_key][label] = float(np.mean(probabilities))

process_fidelity = dict(process_fidelity)
raw_process_fidelity = dict(raw_process_fidelity)
mean_success_probability = dict(mean_success_probability)
raw_mean_success_probability = dict(raw_mean_success_probability)

{
    "runtime_batch_id": runtime_batch.session_id,
    "function_job_ids": {
        job_index: job.job_id for job_index, job in enumerate(jobs)
    },
    "n_groups": {
        job_index: group for job_index, group in enumerate(N_GROUPS)
    },
    "process_fidelity": process_fidelity,
    "mean_success_probability": mean_success_probability,
}

{'runtime_batch_id': '80120e36-436d-46c7-96c9-597ec86060c1',
 'function_job_ids': {0: '2b6b05ac-0136-40f0-94bf-ade5658f5f4f',
  1: '4f046fd4-80e4-460b-87c7-e7252691f764',
  2: '6d70d64d-fa38-4ca2-9cbd-ffda5d8c99be'},
 'n_groups': {0: [40, 2, 7, 15, 10],
  1: [35, 3, 6, 20, 9],
  2: [30, 4, 5, 25, 8]},
 'process_fidelity': {'2': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.9870551835473073,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.9912537998030566,
   'unitary/raw': 0.9884650767434809},
  '3': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.9662998634131841,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.9699631603283018,
   'unitary/raw': 0.9388637172865901},
  '4': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.9271266520750502,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.7334377020091254,
   'unitary/raw': 0.9010122207121433},
  '5': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.8883501513887149,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.6577660260669806,
   'unitary/raw': 0.7806443417987445},
  '6': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.8524225652033044,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.4444025126308521,
   'unitary/raw': 0.7167426842521228},
  '7': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.832962085697061,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.2253787798698553,
   'unitary/raw': 0.5746335601063436},
  '8': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.7881895956180588,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.16909516699831612,
   'unitary/raw': 0.5408263851227074},
  '9': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.7422635627368794,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.0242474245097341,
   'unitary/raw': 0.4855953298367578},
  '10': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.7002274273149545,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.033718865729016285,
   'unitary/raw': 0.3607634828181049},
  '15': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.4694995355699914,
   'dynamic/raw': 7.70970394736842e-05,
   'unitary/raw': 0.054582117352985286},
  '20': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.24118032284867608,
   'dynamic/raw': 4.235164736271502e-22,
   'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '25': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.027122712989729438,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.0,
   'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '30': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.0003581886014704875,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.0,
   'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '35': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.0, 'dynamic/raw': 0.0, 'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '40': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.0, 'dynamic/raw': 0.0, 'unitary/raw': 0.0}},
 'mean_success_probability': {'2': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.987060546875,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.991259765625,
   'unitary/raw': 0.9884765625},
  '3': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.96630859375,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.969970703125,
   'unitary/raw': 0.939013671875},
  '4': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.9271484375,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.7337890625,
   'unitary/raw': 0.901318359375},
  '5': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.88837890625,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.657861328125,
   'unitary/raw': 0.78115234375},
  '6': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.85244140625,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.44453125,
   'unitary/raw': 0.71728515625},
  '7': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.8330078125,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.22568359375,
   'unitary/raw': 0.575390625},
  '8': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.788232421875,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.169189453125,
   'unitary/raw': 0.541796875},
  '9': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.742333984375,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.0244140625,
   'unitary/raw': 0.487353515625},
  '10': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.70029296875,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.033935546875,
   'unitary/raw': 0.363037109375},
  '15': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.4697265625,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.00029296875,
   'unitary/raw': 0.055615234375},
  '20': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.241357421875,
   'dynamic/raw': 4.8828125e-05,
   'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '25': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.041015625, 'dynamic/raw': 0.0, 'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '30': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.0013671875,
   'dynamic/raw': 0.0,
   'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '35': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.0, 'dynamic/raw': 0.0, 'unitary/raw': 0.0},
  '40': {'dynamic/orbit': 0.0, 'dynamic/raw': 0.0, 'unitary/raw': 0.0}}}

Suriin ang Orbit DD metadata

Sinusuri ng buod sa ibaba ang metadata ng dynamic/orbit PUB sa halip na ipagpalagay na naipasok ang hiniling na DD. Suriin ang status, ang naiulat na dynamic DD sequence, mga babala, at ang bilang ng mga napunong gap at naidagdag na sequence. Ang matagumpay na pagpasok ay dapat magbunga ng hindi-zero na bilang para sa hindi bababa sa ilang PUB, ngunit ang eksaktong halaga ay nakadepende sa naka-schedule na circuit, mga limitasyon sa timing ng backend, at circuit size. Inilalarawan ng metadata na ito ang naaplikang sequence ng Orbit; hindi ito dapat tawaging FC-DD protocol ng papel maliban kung malinaw na itinatatag ng ulat ang pagkakatumbas na iyon.

dd_summary = defaultdict(lambda: Counter())
sequence_totals = defaultdict(int)
warning_examples = []

for summary in pub_summaries:
    if summary["label"] != "dynamic/orbit":
        continue
    n_key = str(summary["n_qubits"])
    dd_summary[n_key][summary["dd_status"]] += 1
    sequence_totals[n_key] += int(summary.get("num_sequences_added") or 0)
    if summary.get("warnings") and len(warning_examples) < 5:
        warning_examples.append(
            {
                "n_qubits": summary["n_qubits"],
                "target_decimal": summary["target_decimal"],
                "warnings": summary["warnings"],
            }
        )

{
    "dynamic_orbit_dd_status_counts": {
        key: dict(value) for key, value in dd_summary.items()
    },
    "dynamic_orbit_sequences_added": dict(sequence_totals),
    "warning_examples": warning_examples,
}

{'dynamic_orbit_dd_status_counts': {'40': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '2': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '7': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '15': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '10': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '35': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '3': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '6': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '20': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '9': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '30': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '4': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '5': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '25': {'dd_inserted': 20},
  '8': {'dd_inserted': 20}},
 'dynamic_orbit_sequences_added': {'40': 31200,
  '2': 40,
  '7': 840,
  '15': 4200,
  '10': 1800,
  '35': 23800,
  '3': 120,
  '6': 600,
  '20': 7600,
  '9': 1440,
  '30': 17400,
  '4': 240,
  '5': 400,
  '25': 12000,
  '8': 1120},
 'warning_examples': [{'n_qubits': 40,
   'target_decimal': 853235401719,
   'warnings': ['Post-DD x/y pulses are rewritten into the target basis (e.g. sx) for ISA compliance; this shifts exact pulse timing within each gap, so DD spacing is approximate. A future release will emit native pulses directly.',
    'MEM was applied unconditionally to the returned output bitstring without inferring whether each bit came from a terminal measurement or a mid-circuit measurement. This is meaningful for bits intended as circuit outputs, but Orbit does not retroactively or in real time change conditional branches that used unmitigated measurement results.']},
  {'n_qubits': 40,
   'target_decimal': 954673909846,
   'warnings': ['Post-DD x/y pulses are rewritten into the target basis (e.g. sx) for ISA compliance; this shifts exact pulse timing within each gap, so DD spacing is approximate. A future release will emit native pulses directly.',
    'MEM was applied unconditionally to the returned output bitstring without inferring whether each bit came from a terminal measurement or a mid-circuit measurement. This is meaningful for bits intended as circuit outputs, but Orbit does not retroactively or in real time change conditional branches that used unmitigated measurement results.']},
  {'n_qubits': 40,
   'target_decimal': 524641045908,
   'warnings': ['Post-DD x/y pulses are rewritten into the target basis (e.g. sx) for ISA compliance; this shifts exact pulse timing within each gap, so DD spacing is approximate. A future release will emit native pulses directly.',
    'MEM was applied unconditionally to the returned output bitstring without inferring whether each bit came from a terminal measurement or a mid-circuit measurement. This is meaningful for bits intended as circuit outputs, but Orbit does not retroactively or in real time change conditional branches that used unmitigated measurement results.']},
  {'n_qubits': 40,
   'target_decimal': 185651043478,
   'warnings': ['Post-DD x/y pulses are rewritten into the target basis (e.g. sx) for ISA compliance; this shifts exact pulse timing within each gap, so DD spacing is approximate. A future release will emit native pulses directly.',
    'MEM was applied unconditionally to the returned output bitstring without inferring whether each bit came from a terminal measurement or a mid-circuit measurement. This is meaningful for bits intended as circuit outputs, but Orbit does not retroactively or in real time change conditional branches that used unmitigated measurement results.']},
  {'n_qubits': 40,
   'target_decimal': 587114273567,
   'warnings': ['Post-DD x/y pulses are rewritten into the target basis (e.g. sx) for ISA compliance; this shifts exact pulse timing within each gap, so DD spacing is approximate. A future release will emit native pulses directly.',
    'MEM was applied unconditionally to the returned output bitstring without inferring whether each bit came from a terminal measurement or a mid-circuit measurement. This is meaningful for bits intended as circuit outputs, but Orbit does not retroactively or in real time change conditional branches that used unmitigated measurement results.']}]}

I-plot ang mga process-fidelity curve

Ipinapakita ng plot ang sampled na QFT+M process-fidelity point estimate laban sa bilang ng qubit para sa tatlong estratehiya. Ang dynamic/raw at dynamic/orbit ay may parehong physical layout sa bawat size; ginagamit ng unitary/raw ang layout at routing ng transpiler.

Hindi tulad ng Figure 2a, hindi ipinapakita ng plot na ito ang isang unitary-with-DD curve o uncertainty band, at ang mga raw curve nito ay hindi readout-mitigated. Mas mainam itong basahin bilang isang Figure-2a-style na paghahambing ng scaling para sa Orbit workflow na ito, hindi bilang isang direktang reproduction ng mga published curve.

from datetime import datetime
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo

closed_at = runtime_batch.details()["closed_at"]  # "2026-07-22T00:08:54.89Z"
closed_dt = datetime.fromisoformat(closed_at.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
closed_local = closed_dt.astimezone(ZoneInfo("America/Los_Angeles"))

labels = ["dynamic/orbit", "dynamic/raw", "unitary/raw"]
colors = {
    "dynamic/orbit": "#26735b",
    "dynamic/raw": "#9b1c31",
    "unitary/raw": "#6e6e6e",
}
pretty_labels = {
    "dynamic/orbit": "Dynamic QFT+M with Orbit",
    "dynamic/raw": "Dynamic QFT+M",
    "unitary/raw": "Unitary QFT+M",
}

series = []
for label in labels:
    values = [process_fidelity[str(n)][label] for n in N_VALUES]
    log_values = [value if value > 0.0 else float("nan") for value in values]
    series.append((label, values, log_values))

nonzero_values = [
    value
    for _, _, log_values in series
    for value in log_values
    if value > 0.0
]
if not nonzero_values:
    raise RuntimeError(
        "No nonzero process-fidelity values found for log inset"
    )
log_floor = min(nonzero_values) / 2

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9.8, 5.6))
for label, values, _ in series:
    ax.plot(
        N_VALUES,
        values,
        marker="o",
        linewidth=2.0,
        markersize=5,
        color=colors[label],
        label=pretty_labels[label],
    )

ax.set_xlabel("N qubits")
ax.set_ylabel("Process fidelity")
finished_time_for_title = globals().get("finished_local", closed_local)
ax.set_title(
    f"Dynamic QFT Orbit results on {IBM_BACKEND_NAME}\n"
    f"Job finished {finished_time_for_title:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M %Z}"
)
ax.set_xticks(N_VALUES)
ax.set_ylim(bottom=0)
ax.grid(axis="both", alpha=0.25)
ax.legend(loc="upper right")

inset = ax.inset_axes([0.53, 0.31, 0.44, 0.43])
for label, _, log_values in series:
    inset.plot(
        N_VALUES,
        log_values,
        marker="o",
        linewidth=2.0,
        markersize=5,
        color=colors[label],
    )
inset.set_yscale("log")
inset.set_ylim(bottom=log_floor)
inset.set_xlim(min(N_VALUES), max(N_VALUES))
inset.set_title("Log scale; zeros omitted", fontsize=9)
inset.grid(axis="both", alpha=0.25)
inset.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=8)
inset.patch.set_alpha(0.96)

fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()

References

1. E. Bäumer et al., "Quantum Fourier Transform Using Dynamic Circuits," arXiv:2403.09514; Physical Review Letters 133, 150602 (2024)

2. Introduction to Qiskit Functions

3. Mga limitasyon ng Quantum Compute para sa stretch variables

4. IBM Quantum error codes: 6073

5. Run jobs in a batch

Mga susunod na hakbang

• Tingnan ang dokumentasyon ng Orbit guide at API reference.

• Subukan ang ibang backend, alternatibong layout, o mag-eksperimento gamit ang alternatibong orbit-enabled na dynamical decoupling sequence sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago ng opsyong dd_strategy. Tandaan na dahil sa eksperimental na katangian ng mga dynamic circuit, kailangan mong maging maingat sa mga posibleng paraan ng pagkabigo ng job (tingnan ang [3] at [4]). Kung makakatagpo ka ng negatibong stretch value [3], subukan ang mas maliit (mas kaunting pulso) na DD sequence. Kung makakatagpo ka ng [4], dagdagan ang NUM_BATCH_JOBS, bawasan ang M, o bawasan ang pinakamalaking halaga sa N_VALUES.